Bending diamonds by femtosecond laser ablation

We present a new method based on femtosecond laser ablation for the fabrication of statically bent diamond crystals. Using this method, curvature radii of 1 m can easily be achieved, and the curvature obtained is very uniform. Since diamond is extremely tolerant to high radiation doses, partly due to its densely packed lattice, such bent crystals are optimal solutions for crystal-based collimation and/or extraction. Furthermore, using interlaced ablation on both sides, the technique opens for the possibility of constructing a crystalline undulator based on the best material known, to approach the enormous beam densities required for lasing operation of such a device.     

转机建制创立国际型工程公司（四）

6 项目费用和进度的统筹控制 国外一些工程公司根据美国国防部(DOD)或能源部(DOE)制定的“费用、进度控制系统准则(C/SC-SC)”,对其承包的工程项目使用“赢得值定量评估原理”(EVC—Earned Value Concept)实行费用、进度统筹控制,并已取得经验。C/SCSC准则和EVC原     

Tympanic temperature and heart rate changes in firefighters during treadmill runs performed with different fireproof jackets

Six well-trained firefighters performed six treadmill runs at 70% of the velocity at VO_2max (Maximal aerobic velocity MAV = 13.26±0.3 km h^-1). A recovery time of 1 week was allowed between trials. The first session was performed by subjects wearing only shorts (i.e. no fire jacket, J0). A similar protocol was applied subsequently to test the physiological eOEects associated with the wearing of one of five different fire jackets: one leather (J1) and four textile-type jackets: VTN^TM with membrane (J2), VTN^TM without membrane (J3), Vidal^TM with Kermel^® HTA (Haute Teneur en Aramide i.e. high density in Aramide) (J4); and Rolland^TM with Kermel^® HTA (J5). All sessions were performed in a randomized order and in laboratory conditions. Exercise with the fireproof jackets resulted in higher tympanic temperature (Tty), heart rate (HR) and body mass loss (BML) changes compared to J0 (p <0.001). The magnitudes of these changes depended on the type of the jacket. Exercise in the leather jacket (J1) resulted in the highest Tty and HR, which diOEered significantly from values in all other conditions (p<0.001). The exercise-induced increases in Tty wearing jackets J3 and J5 were also significantly (p<0.05) higher than those observed with jackets J2 and J4. In conclusion, textile jackets induced less HR and Tty stresses than the leather one. The magnitude of the physiological responses induced by textile jackets were correlated to jacket weight. J2 and J4 jackets were more effective in limiting hyperthermia and any potential detrimental effect on the exercise capacity.     

无棱镜全站仪在观测某高层住宅倾斜率中的实践

采用无棱镜全站仪测定建筑物倾斜率的新方法,对北京运通B1-1高层住宅实施直接法与间接法测斜值数据分析比较,论证其精度的可行性。     

正确处理综合单价下的桩基工程量争议

本文主要根据参建方对综合单价下桩基工程量计算的争议,从计价规范、05定额及有关权威部门解释等角度出发,提出正确的分析方法和处理意见。     

Estimating the rate constant in second-order kinetics using hard-soft-net analyte signal (HS-NAS) method

Rank deficiency is the major problem associated with the chemometrics modeling of the second-order chemical reactions of the form of A + B → C. In this article, the application of the hard-soft-net analyte signal (HS-NAS), as a newly proposed method in our research group, is described for modeling of second-order reactions. This combined hard-soft method is based on the net analyte signal (NAS) concept, which is defined as a part of total signal that is directly related to the concentration of the component of interest. Therefore, concentration changes versus time can be obtained by calculating NAS for any chemical species involved in the reaction without requiring any pure component spectra or extra runs. The power of the method was verified by applying it to the resolution of simulated data sets containing noises added at different levels. The resolution of the second-order reaction between amoxicillin and 1, 2-naphthoqoinone was also tested as a real chemical system.     

Muscle activity and cardiovascular response during computer-mouse work with and without memory demands

Computer-mouse work is characterized by repetitive movements combined with mental demands. The present purpose was to study how the body responded to simulated Computer Aided Design (CAD) work without memory demand and when a high short-term memory demand was introduced. Nine female subjects repetitively performed a task which involved 15 s of elevation of the right index and middle fingers followed by 6 s of rest. Every second time the fingers rested, the left index finger was required to type a six-figure number, either ‘123456’ (without memory demand) or a random number shown half a minute before (with memory demand). After 7 min of performing the task without memory demand, the memory demand was introduced and continued for 1 h. Introduction of memory demand resulted in increased heart rate (77 ← 84 beats/min), blood pressure (systolic 129 ← 140 mmHg; diastolic 72 ← 79 mmHg) and forearm extensor muscle activity (wrist, 2.7 ← 4.5% EMGmax; finger, 5.6 ← 7.5% EMGmax) and finger flexor muscle activity (0.7 1.2% EMGmax) indicating increased co-contraction. Hereafter, muscle activity and cardiovascular response tended to decrease. Self-reported stress and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for the right shoulder increased throughout the period. Two additional sub-studies were inlcuded, which focused on adaptation to the physical load, showing a decrease in muscle activity and arousal, and reintroduction of the memory load, showing a lower response as compared to the initial response. The practical consequences of the findings suggest that job content should have variable mental demands.     

Orange and IR to violet up-conversion processes in Nd:ZBLAN glasses

In this work we investigate, compare and discuss UV and violet emission behaviour under pulsed, multi-photon orange and infra-red excitation in Nd³⁺ doped ZBLAN samples of different concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 5 mol.%. Supported by the obtained spectroscopic results, orange and IR excitation schemes were proposed and verified by time dependent rate equation model, which has been employed to confirm the nature of observed processes. Proposed model returns fitting results which qualitatively reflect the experimentally obtained fluorescence decays.     

Ozonolysis of Unsaturated Acids in Aqueous Solution: Acrylic,Methacrylic, Maleic,Fumaric and Muconic Acids

The rate constants of ozone with acrylic, methacrylic, fumaric, maleic, muconic and dichloromaleic acids in aqueous solution were determined. Substituent effects and state of protonation strongly influence these rate constants. The reactions follow largely the Criegee mechanism (formation of carbonyl compound plus hydroxyalkylhydroperoxide). There is a pronounced regioselectivity in the decay reactions of the ozonide. Depending on their structures, the hydroxyhydroperoxidic intermediates decay by various routes: decarboxylation, H₂O₂ elimination or water elimination. Preliminary data on dicloromaleic acid indicate than an additional decay leading to chlorine atoms route must be envisaged.     

Deep-Space Transport Protocol: A novel transport scheme for Space DTNs

The Delay-/Disruption-Tolerant Networking Architecture calls for new design principles that will govern data transmission and retransmission scheduling over challenged environments. In that context, novel routing, transport and application layer algorithms have to be established in order to achieve efficient and reliable communication between DTN-nodes.In this study, we focus on the evolution of the terrestrial Internet into the Interplanetary or Space Internet and propose adoption of the Deep-Space Transport Protocol (DS-TP) as the transport layer scheme of choice for the space networking protocol stack. We present DS-TP’s basic design principles and we evaluate its performance both theoretically and experimentally. We verify that practice conforms with theory and observe great performance boost, in terms of file delivery time between DTN-nodes, in case of DS-TP. In particular, the gain of DS-TP against conventional proposals for deep-space communications increases with the link error rate; under conditions DS-TP can improve the performance of the transport layer protocol by a factor of two (i.e., DS-TP can become two times faster than conventional protocols).